Chemistry of Exercise

http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~ens632/

Cardiovascular System

SPLICE:linking AM exercise with school

Largely based on the work of Dr. Ratey, students of NW Exercise Physiology will be researching the science behind how morning exercise can improve student behavior and academic achievement. The class will progress from research to experimental design and finally analysis of their findings.


1) Familiarize: After getting an introductory lecture on the neurological system, familiarize yourself with some of the information that links exercise with school: ABC news video excerpt on Naperville CSD, Naperville CSD article, Sparking Life though Exercise (VERY extensive website based on Dr. Ratey's information)


2) Research: The following are chemicals in the neurological system that are influenced by exercise, it's your job to figure out what the link is: glutamate, FGF-2, IGF-1, BDNF, VEGF, Serotonin, Cortisol, Endorphins, Endocannabinoids, Norepinephrine, HGH, Dopamine, GABA. Try and remember that we are looking at the link between exercise and how these chemicals may influence LEARNING.
Assignment: present the following information in a PPoint: 1) general information on your assigned chemicals 2) the effects of exercise on the chemical 3) link between exercise, chemical, and learning (will need information on parts of brain/functions). Please keep in mind that studies that support your information are mandatory, and pictures/diagrams are very helpful.
To help you with this, the following is a list research/studies that has already been done linking the two, you will have to use the following information to search (type into Google Scholar) for the specific study and once you find the study/abstract please create a link in the "comment" portion of this post b/c you WILL need the full citation of every study referenced. Please know that you are not restricted to the following list and may search for other studies.

1. Virgina Tech: cut gym class not increase test scores
2. California Dept. Ed: higher fitness scores led to increase test scores
3. Craig Broeder: physiologist in Naperville, IL
4. Tim McCord: Titusville, PA
5. Carl Cotman: Univ. of Cal. @ Irving
6. Susan Patterson: BDNF
7. Fernando Gomez: Pinilla
8. Scott Small: Columbia: cognitive function, neurogensis
9. Greenough: complex coordination
10. Mattson: "Neuroprotective signaling and the aging brain"
11. Leeds Metropolitin Univ: 2004: survey gym and productivity
12. Joshua Broman: Fulks, Univ Southern Miss. : exercise reduce anxiety sensitivity
13. Chilean HS students, 2005
14. Andreas Broocks, 1997, German panic disorder & exercise
15. Andreas Strohle, 2005 & 2006
16. Herbert de Vries, 1982: "Tranquilizing effects of exercise"
17. Human population lab in Berkley: "Alameda County Study"
18. Blumenthal: SMILE
19. Ronald Duman:
20. Alan Zametkin: ADHD landmark studies
21. Australian study in British J. of Health & Pych. 2006: addition/self-regulation
22. Scott Small: Columbia Univ.
23. Charles Hillman
24. Arthur Kramer
25. P. Ekkekakis: exercise and discomfort
26. Habitual Exercise Is Associated With Exercise-Induced Mood Enhancement, Shepanski, M A.; Hoffman, M D.; Ruble, S B.; Valic, Z; Buckwalter, J B.; Clifford, P S. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 33(5):S168, May 2001.

3) Experimental Design: In addition to outlining ALL the methods, as per Dr. Frank Cerny, "The instrument (or questionnaire) you use to monitor mood will be crucial." The standard instrument is the POMS (Profile of mood states) that has several versions including a brief one (still 5-10 minutes). There is another “feelings profile” that was derived from this that only took 2-5 minutes and could be used repeatedly.Use one of these or create your own similar, but include at least the following categories: Tension-Anxiety,Anger-Hostility, Fatigue-Inertia, Depression-Dejection, Vigor-Activity, Confusion-Bewilderment. Come up with several questions for the categories that you think are important and develop your own instrument. The usual would be to use a Likert scale (1-5) and have the persons rate their sensations (moods) with 1 being lower or less frequent and 5 being higher or more frequent.


4) Analysis:


5) Presentation: the class will collaborate and create a formal poster outlining your findings.

Muscular System: Sliding Filament/Cross-bridge

Using the list of “characters” below, create an animation, diagram, or some other way that shows the many different steps involved with the excitation contraction coupling/sliding-filament theory. Please include a short written description of the process where appropriate. Minimum list of characters to include: action potential on motor axon terminal, Ach released, calcium ions, T-tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum, ATP, actin, myosin, troponin,tropomyosin. The following are examples of this process: McGraw, McGraw, San Diego U, youtube video . Also include explanations and additional diagrams as needed of how muscle damage/soreness and hypertrophy relate to your animations/diagrams.

PH: Obestity Prevention Program

Helpful websites:
Medicind & Science in Sports & Exercise Journal articles on childhood obesity
Center of Disease Control: childhood obesity (everything about it)
ACSM study appropriate exercise in adults
ACSM,ADA,&DC nutrition guidlines
ACSM studies on obesity
Video survey: causes of childhood obesity
Elmo's fight against childhood obesity

Sports Nutrition

Get an idea as to what to what you should be eating throughout the day, right before a practice/game/meet, during, and afterwards. The textbooks (general "Exercise Physiology/Science") will be the most help as well as the following sites which may provide additional sources that you may wish to search on your own (suggest to use Google Scholar).
Glycemic Index
Swimming nutrition
Effects of swimming on appetite
Nutritional Supplements
Eating behaviors of high school baseball players
Milk vs. soy protein
International society of nutritionists: caffeine
Pediatric sports nutrition
High school athletes and food
Collegiate athlete nutrition w/ case studies
Various articles from Training&Conditioning journal

Training/Injury: Functional Assessment of Movement

You will perform at least 3 different functional movement tests on a classmate (or yourself if pictures can be taken) to test and analyze their/your movement imbalances. For this project you will be required to do the following:

1. perform at least 3 tests
2. take pictures of each of the tests (include both their imbalances and the proper way for a total of 6 pictures)
3. for ONE of the tests, outline what the subjects weakness(es) would be while playing/performing a specific sport movement and thus what injuries they may be more prone to get
4. For the one test/movement from #3, provide a sample strength exercise routine for that the subject should perform in order to improve on their weakness

You will put all of the above information into a P.Point which you will present to the class.

In addition to the Athletic Therapy Today journals in the classroom, there are articles printed outlining some of the screening methods. Be sure to use caution when using the web.

Periodization Training Program

Use the following resources to help you accomplish your goal of creating a yearly training program:

1. Journals and articles in the classroom
2. Journal of Strength & Conditioning
3. Some concepts & misconceptions
4. PerformBetter basics
5. General model to follow
6. Rhino Fitness basics
7. Wikipedia
8. Trifuel basics
9. Fitness corner basics
10. In a high school setting
11. Hillrunner basics

Cardiovascular: blood pressure

blood pressure videos:
http://www.healthcentral.com/high-blood-pressure/introduction-47-115.html

Neural Control of Movement

Create a product (animated,cartoon,movie,creative short story,comic,etc) that explains how each of the following key ideas allows, or is part of, a specific movement of your choice. The following are not in any order and in fact, all of them are very much interrelated. Grading will be: 3 pts/each topic for content, 1 pt/each topic for a visual diagram, plus 3 pts. For the studies for a total of 27 pts.

• CNS & PNS (how they communicate/work together to allow movement(components of reflex arc))
• Motor unit’s (all components) role in movement
• Twitch characteristics (fast vs. slow twitch) specific to motor units
• Motor Unit plasticity/recruitment
• Neuromuscular fatigue
• How the quality of movement is influenced by motivation/emotion
• (include 3 studies that relate to any of the information in your product)

Muscle cells getting faster & stronger

How do you make muscles stronger, faster, or have more endurace? Complete the following assignment:

• Actions/activities you do to improve
• Include the physiological adaptions that actually allowed the cells to improve (example: # of mitochondria) or in other words...scuba dive don't snorkle
• Cite information from at least 2 studies, 2 articles, and 2 textbooks (cite properly within as well as with a works sited section at end)
• may be in any format (essay, PPoint, movie,etc.)

Obesity: misc. topics

Various topics from TIME magazine
Fat that helps you lose...weight?
Lack of self control in youth = obesity!
Why does scratching relieve an itch?
Embracing the good fat (video)
1 in 5 preschoolers are obese?(video)
Diet soda = fat...and debunking other myths

Nutrition Websites

The following are helpful links for "Solids" and "Fluids" assignment:
Solids
Fluids

Nutrition: cholesterol

Graphically represent (Moviemaker,PowerPoint,browchure,other) the “ins and outs” of cholesterol and what your body does with it. Your goal is to create something that makes sense of all this cholesterol information so that the “common consumer” can understand it. You must at least somehow include the following information:
·How/where your body makes cholesterol
·Where cholesterol comes from when you eat food (provide examples)
·What happens to cholesterol after you eat it and it is absorbed into bloodstream
·The role/source of LDL
·How Plaque forms on the inside walls of arteries
·The role/source of HDL
·The role/source of Bile
·Role of exercise in lowering cholesterol

Animation: Energy Metabolism

McGraw: glycolysis & oxidative (options on left menu)
Virtual Cell: electron transport chain
UWMC: non-oxid (glycolysis) and oxid

Physical Fitness vs. Exercise Training

Using Word, create a Venn diagram that compares physical fitness and exercise training. Please include the components and brief explanations of each. Pictures copied and pastes from the internet may be used. When complete please embed in your "introduction" page

Introduction

Read the following abstract (summary of a full study) that was published in the International Journal of Exercise Science in 2009.

The following site introduces you to Ex. Phys. and has various videos relating to the field.

Final Exam 2008-2009

Option 1
Case study:
A 23 year old female living in Alaska seeks your advice for the proper way to become healthier overall and also to train for a 5k (3.5 miles) road race in Denver, Colorado this August (3 months away). You do not know anything about her fitness level1. During a conversation with her you find out that she is on the Atkins diet and is convinced that carbohydrates do nothing for her, especially if she is training2.
She has begun training and has run only once and ran as fast as she could for 2 minutes3 and explained to you the discomfort she felt the following day due to the build up of “evil” lactic acid4,5. She also quickly developed a pain just below her knee cap6 and claims that she pulled her hamstring muscle7.
She has already ordered an oxygen tank to be use during her race, knowing that there will be less oxygen at the high peaks where it takes place8.
When discussing her family history, she is happy to tell you her mother was an Olympic swimmer (sprinter) and her father was a Football pro (lineman)9. She is excited to know that those traits were passed on to her and will help her with the 5k race. You also learn, however, that both of her grandparents died of cardiovascular disease10.
Following the meeting, you quickly learn that she is very clumsy as she trips over the chair and stumbles out of your office11.

Specific Objectives (explain in physiological detail each):
1How to figure out previous fitness level
2Proper diet while training including role carbohydrates, proteins, and fats have on her energy metabolism
3Proper training plan for a oxidative/aerobic sport, how much of what to do during the week? (periodization, progression, etc.)
4How your body clears away LA, benefits of LA
5What is really causing the soreness?
6What injury does she have, what are the treatment
7Did she really pull it, or is it just a strain and what is the treatment?
8Is this true (less oxygen), do you recommend using a tank (RBC saturation)?
9Fast twitch vs. slow twitch muscle fibers, what are they and will her parents genes really help her?
10Explain clogged arteries, how they are clogged, why is this bad.
11Proprioception, muscle memory

Option 2
Task:
What changes occur to the body at the onset of exercise?

Specific Objectives (include each of the following):
Energy metabolic pathways
Lactic Acid
Carbs./protein/lipids role in #1
Neurological
Muscular
Pulmonary
Cardiovascular
Environmental influences (high temperature and high elevation)
Physiological conditions influences (cardiovascular disease)
Example of proper training to improve
Improvements with proper training

Final Product:
Your choice of: movie,graphics,animation, etc. or may be combination of them. You may work with a partner only if you are creating a full-length movie.

Injury: case study

Turn in: 1)copy of case study w/out name on it and no diagnosis/treatment2)copy of case study with name on it & proper treatment
Diagnosis: you will be given a case study and will hand in: 1) diagnosis 2)how/why you arrived at it(if xrays/MRI explain what you're looking at 3)proper treatment (what would you tell the patient)
Create a case study on an injury:
•Choose an injury and create a description of some symptoms and if applicable (highly encouraged), a copy(ies) of an x-ray/MRI image.
•Use appropriate & vocabulary
•The case studies will be distributed to classmates where they will “solve” the case and write up an explanation to the patient what the injury is and what they should do about it (treatment including rehab.)
Case Study Example (x-rays,diagrams excluded,make yours similar):
1)A 42 year old female postal worker has been referred to the occupational medicine clinic for evaluation. She says that for the past five months she has had intermittent bilateral hand and wrist pain (right greater than left), associated with right hand weakness. She also reports numbness and tingling in bilateral fifth digits intermittent over the past two months, and mild right elbow pain. For the past eight years, the patient has worked full time as a Letter Sorting Machine (LSM) operator for the U.S. Postal Service.
-LSM keying requires repetitious flexion and extension of digits, hands, and wrists, at a fixed speed. A 60 speed refers to keying in the zip codes for 60 letters in one minute, one letter per second. Employees key for 30 minutes at a time, preceded by 15 minutes to load the LSM ("feeding") and followed by 15 minutes to remove letters from the machine ("sweeping").
-The work environment is dusty. It is noisy when all machines are running, especially on the night shift which has the heaviest mail volume. The patient complains of some cross-cultural conflicts with her supervisor, and fears harassment if she goes on limited duty. She has no hobbies or other non-work activities that involve repetitive motion.

Training

Baseball 1 2
Hockey 1
Boxing 1 2
Gain weight 1